Besides the Head of LIMM, Pham Kim Ngoc, the investigative team of this project is from the Research Group of Biological Metabolism Laboratory.
1. Introduction
Nanomaterials have revolutionized various scientific fields due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. Among their myriad applications, the use of nanomaterials for antimicrobial and antioxidant purposes stands out for its potential to address pressing health and environmental challenges. These materials, characterized by their nanoscale dimensions and large surface area, exhibit exceptional capabilities in combating microbial infections and mitigating oxidative stress.
2. Antimicrobial Nanomaterials
Antimicrobial nanomaterials are engineered to inhibit the growth of and destroy a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Nanoparticles such as silver (Ag), copper (Cu), and zinc oxide (ZnO) are well-known for their antimicrobial properties. Their effectiveness is attributed to several mechanisms:
Physical Disruption: Nanoparticles such as silver, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide can attach to microbial cell membranes, causing physical damage that leads to cell death. The high surface area-to-volume ratio of these nanoparticles enhances their interaction with microbial cells.
Oxidative stress (ROS): Some nanomaterials can produce reactive oxygen species when exposed to light or other stimuli. These ROS can damage microbial cell components, including DNA, proteins, and lipids, ultimately leading to cell death. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles are well-known for their ROS-generating properties.
Ion Release: Metal nanoparticles, particularly silver and copper, can release ions that possess strong antimicrobial properties. These ions can penetrate microbial cells, disrupt vital processes, and inhibit enzyme functions, resulting in microbial inactivation.
Biofilm Disruption: Microbial biofilms are protective layers that shield microorganisms from antibiotics and immune responses. Nanomaterials can penetrate and disrupt these biofilms, enhancing the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments.
3. Nanomaterials with antioxidant activity
Antioxidants, also known as free-radical scavengers, are chemicals that protect molecules from oxidation by slowing or stopping oxidation.
4. Current Research and Future Directions
Advancements in Nanomaterial Synthesis: Recent advancements in nanomaterial synthesis techniques, such as green synthesis and functionalization methods, have improved the efficacy and safety of antimicrobial and antioxidant nanomaterials. Researchers are exploring new materials, such as hybrid nanocomposites and stimuli-responsive nanomaterials, to enhance their performance and applicability. Nanomaterials such as silver nanoparticles and zinc oxide exhibit notable antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Silver nanoparticles are effective in killing bacteria by releasing reactive oxygen species and interfering with bacterial cell structures. Zinc oxide nanoparticles not only have antimicrobial properties but also scavenge free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and protecting cells. These materials are widely used in medical applications, skincare products, and various industrial applications.
Future Prospects: The future of nanomaterials in antimicrobial and antioxidant applications is promising. Ongoing research is likely to yield more effective and targeted solutions for healthcare, food safety, and environmental protection. The integration of nanomaterials with other emerging technologies, such as biotechnology and advanced manufacturing, will further enhance their impact and utility. Additionally, the exploration of sustainable and eco-friendly synthesis methods will address concerns about the environmental impact and safety of nanomaterials. Continued interdisciplinary research will likely lead to innovative solutions for combating microbial infections, mitigating oxidative stress, and addressing global challenges in healthcare and environmental protection.
Journal Articles
Conference Articles and Poster
Nanoantioxidants: They are nanomaterials that have resulted in a decrease in the rate of autoxidation and/or a reduction in the commencement procedures. Nanoantioxidants have longer stability than tiny molecules like vitamin E and b-carotene, allowing them to bypass rapid metabolism and target specific areas. Nanomaterials such as Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs), and ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) could be used as carriers to carry antioxidant compounds or could have inherent antioxidant properties.
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